Nepal has provisioned a reservation system as a form of affirmative action to improve the participation of under-represented communities in education and jobs.
For example, according to the Civil Service Act 1993, civil service vacancies are filled by internal promotion and open competition. In the ‘open completion category’ for each class, 45 percent of the vacant posts are allocated to various sub-categories of the reserved groups.
The breakdown for the reserved groups is 33 percent for women, 27 percent for Adivasi/Janjati, 22 percent for Madhesi, nine percent for Dalits, five percent for the Disabled (people with disabilities), and four percent for Backward Areas.
Nepal has legally recognized 59 indigenous nationalities, referred to as Adivasi Janajati. This is the list of these Indigenous nationalities;
Nepali Name |
Name in English |
राउटे | Rautes |
कुसुण्डा | Kusunda |
वनकरिया | Bankariya |
सुरेल | Surel |
हायू | Hayu |
राजी | Raji |
किसान | Kisan |
लेप्चा | Lepcha |
मेचे (बोडो) | Meche (Bodo) |
कुशबडिया | Kushbadiya |
माझी | Majhi |
ल्होमी (शिङसावा) |
Lhomi (Shingsawa) |
थुदाम | Thudam |
धानुक (राजवंशी) |
Dhanuk (Rajbanshi) |
झाँगड | Jhagad |
चेपाङ | Chepang |
सतार (सन्थाल) | Satar (Santhal) |
धामी | Dhami |
वोटे | Bote |
दनुवार | Danuwar |
सियार | Siyar |
बरामु | Baramu |
सुनुवार | Sunuwar |
थारु | Tharu |
तामाङ | Tamang |
भुजेल | Bhujel |
कुमाल | Kumal |
राजवंशी (कोच) |
Rajbanshi (Koch) |
गन्गाई | Gangai |
धिमाल | Dhimal |
भोटे | Bhote |
दराई | Darai |
ताजपुरिया | Tajpuriya |
पहारी | Pahari |
तोक्पेगोला | Tokpegola |
डोल्पो | Dolpo |
फ्रि | Fri |
मुगाली | Mugali |
लार्के | Larke |
वालुङ | Walung |
ल्होपा | Lhopa |
दुरा | Dura |
मगर | Magar |
राई | Rai |
लिम्बु | Limbu |
गुरुङ्ग | Gurung |
बागाउँले थकाली | Bagaule Thakali |
मार्फाली थकाली | Marphali Thakali |
छैरोतन | Chhantyal |
शेर्पा | Sherpa |
तांबे | Tambe |
तीन गाउँले थकाली | Tingaule Thakali |
याक्खा | Yakkha |
छन्त्याल | Chantyal |
जिरेल | Jirel |
व्याँसी | Byasi |
ह्योल्मो | Hyolmo |
थकाली | Thakali |
नेवार | Newar |
राना थारु | Rana Tharu |